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Rupnagar

Rupnagar is a town and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was formerly known as Ropar. The town of Rupnagar is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. It is also the site of an ancient town of the Indus Valley Civilization. The major cities in Ropar District are Morinda, Kurali, Anandpur Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib.
The town of Mohali was once part of Ropar District before it became a separate district in 2006. The Bhakra dam in Nangal lies on the boundary with the neighbouring state of Himachal Pradesh.
Rupnagar is nearly 50 km to the northwest of Chandigarh (the nearest airport). It is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north and Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district (formerly known as Nawanshahr district) to its west.

Ancient civilizations

Ropar is a 21 metre high ancient mound overlaying the Shiwalik (also spelt Sivalik) deposition on the left bank of the river Satluj where it emerges into the plains. It has yielded a sequence of six cultural periods or phases with some breaks from Harappan times to the present day. The excavations were carried out by Dr. Y.D. Sharma of the Archaeological Survey of India. The migration of people from Harappa to Ropar has been postulated through the lost Saraswati River to the Satluj as both rivers once belonged to one system.
An archaeological museum has been set up to house some of the antiquities found along with photographs displaying excavation material.

Geography

Rupnagar is located at 30.97°N 76.53°E[1]. It has an average elevation of 260 metres (853 ft).Town lies on bank of Satluj river ,low Shivalik hills are present on opposite bank of the river.

Rupnagar district, included in the Patiala Division of Punjab falls between north latitude 30°-32' and 31°-24' and east longitude 76°-18' and 76°-55'. Rupnagar (formerly known as Ropar) town, the district headquarters is 42 km from Chandigarh, the state capital. The district adjoins Nawanshahar, Mohali and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts of Punjab.

The district comprises 4 Tehsils, Rupnagar Nangal Anandpur Sahib and Chamkaur Sahib and includes 617 villages and 6 towns namely Rupnagar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, Morinda, Kiratpur Sahib and Nangal. All towns except Chamkaur Sahib have railways connections.

The Satluj river passes close (2 to 5 km) to the towns of Nangal, Rupnagar and Anandpur Sahib.there are many historical and holy places in ropar.most of them are gurdwaras like- BHHATHA SAHIB, TIBBI SAHIB, SADABARAT SAHIB etc. in ropar.

Also in surrounding villages like BRAHMAN MAJRA, BOOR MAJRA, BINDRAKH, KHIZRABAD and many more which are built very beautiful by religious people.because ropar is very near to SHRI ANANDPUR SAHIB {the established place of SIKHISM }

The climate

The climate of Rupnagar District is characterized by its general dryness (except in the south west monsoon season), a hot summer and a bracing cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of [June].

The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitute the post-monsoon or transition season.

The temperature ranges from minimum of 4 °C in winter to 45 °C in summer. May and June are generally hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in district is 775.6 mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during the period from June to September.

Education

Rupnagar district houses one of the prestigious technological institutes in the country, IIT Ropar. The corresponding region has received a major boost due to the setup of the institute in year 2009.